: colon
; semicolon
Here's the difference: a colon implies causality, like the words "therefore," or "because," or "in this case" or "so;" a colon can also introduce a list, an example, or a reason. What comes after a colon doesn't have to be a whole sentence; it can be a phrase: like this.
A semicolon is a more regular conjunction, very much like "and." When used in this way, the semicolon should join two sentences (independent clauses); it is a very neutral conjunction. It suggests much more of a link between ideas than a period, yet without the flavoring effects of forandnorbutoryetso.
Semicolons can also be used in a series if commas are within the items in the series. Here is an example:
"GalCiv2 has a customizable, creative approach to ship design; a detailed, intricate tech tree; and humorous, vibrant races."
The sentence is awkward for other stylistic reasons, but I just wanted to highlight the mechanic.
Although this isn't an exhaustive overview, you can get the idea, I think. Sometimes either can do [ ] between these two clauses I could use a semicolon or a colon with slightly different effects (insert either one into the [ ]).
As a reply in an aside, I think we use "American English" (as opposed to Jamaican English, Canadian English, British English, Australian English, and so on). Further, context is huge-- good ol' audience and purpose. Intentional errors can be used to effect (see post 102) just like colloquial language and organized thought. The lexicon evolves and moves.
