Building on those general tips:
1) Maintaining money: I'd say it's crucial to develop your homeworld early in the game, so keep that one building at full speed. In a large galaxy you'll typically colonize several other planets and it's there that you need to be careful:
- Don't try to colonize too many planets; take the high quality ones and don't be afraid to leave the low quality ones in the same star system for the AI. Once your high quality planet is fully populated, you shouldn't have too much trouble influencing the low quality neighbour planets. Once your influence is strong enough, they will flip to your ownership anyway while the AI has taken the costs to develop those planets.
- Don't build too much on those planets until the population has grown enough and the tax income can support some maintenance costs.
2) What to build on planets: that strongly depends on the strategy you want to take (do you want to focus on cash , buying techs and ships? do you want to research, selling techs for cash? do you want to pull ahead in production to build a strong military?)
It's a good practice to dedicate some planets to a specific goal: e.g. 1 planet with mostly labs so you get the maximum advantage out of adding a "technology capital" later on, 1 planet with quite a few factories so you get the most out of adding a "manufacturing capital" later on, some planets dedicated to econ buildings to get your cash flow in the green.
At each point in time you should ask yourself: what do I require the most now (research, production, cash, ...) and depending on that decide what you will research and build. Early on your research should be focused on the cheap techs that are quickly researched (preferably only a few turns) and that give you some bonus to ship speed (for faster colonization), production, research, income, ... I also suggest to research tech capital and econ capital early in the game. Next on the list is going for a bigger hull size (small or medium) and then 1 branch of weapons (preferably several steps in a row so you get access to reasonably powerful weapons that make a difference) and some miniaturization. Don't wait too long with diplomatic techs, as that gives you access to the econ capital, gives your population morale and/or income boosts + it gets you more when you trade techs with the AI. Plus better diplomacy improves your relations with the AI.
As rubbergovernment said, don't let the AI pull ahead in military rating... Typically I keep an eye on the AI's military ratings in the graph centrally below on the screen; as soon as I see one AI taking off I build a few small or medium hulls with the best weapons I have at that time, in order to stay in the first place of military rating.
3) Sliders: the overall slider always at 100% unless you really, really have a cash problem (lower than 100% means you're slowing down your research and production).
For the split between research, social production, military production: until you advance your playing style you can keep them on the default 33% each unless you urgently need to advance faster in 1 of those 3 categories. Also, toggling the research slider can gain you some weeks in research time so it's often worth playing around with that slider when you're close to completing research for a certain tech.
4) Ships to build: first a few colony ships to grab those nice high quality planets before the AI does. Then a few constructors to take resources (those green, red, purple, yellow, cyan, ... crystals - as those give you a nice overall boost in a specific category, not to be underestimated). Next either some military ships to stay ahead of the AI or a few freighters to increase your income and improve relations with some AI's. Especially for the Korx income from freighters is important as they get bonuses on that income.
5) I would suggest you start with 1 race and build a strategy around their strenghts (e.g. trade income for the Korx). Once you feel comfortable on easy or normal difficulty, you can change to a different race, apply the general principles you learned using the first race and tailor your approach to their strengths. It's been too long since I played so I don't feel well-placed to give you race-specific tips but start from the race's strengths (what bonuses do they get, what is their unique super ability?) to know what you should focus on.
As everyone else says, feel free to ask more specific questions to solve some painpoints, do you have certain areas where you can't keep up with the AI, etc?