Yes...
The prefix for 'all races' is S99_.
i don't think that'd do it. that's the prefix for components. i don't think ship templates are stored in any universal manner, but of course i may be wrong.
uly, what you can do to use all the ship hulls for the same race is download Kryo's Hull System Mod, if you haven't yet. it'll also give you a number of new jewelry pieces that can truly enhance your ship designs (offsets to invisibly move pieces, hardpoint clusters for stacking pieces, and even asteroids).
unfortunately, this won't allow you to use your designs when you play as any race. ship designs are stored as one of six styles: terran, drengin, altarian, torian, yor, and dreadlord.
if you want to be able to use the same designs when you play as a different race, you simply need to pick the appropriate ship style when you set up your race. so if you design a bunch of ships while playing as the terrans, when you go to your next game, make sure you pick the terran ship style on the 'appearance' tab of your race customization screen (i think it's called appearance, anyway).
if you want the AI players to use your designs, it's a little tricker. you'll have to replace the core ship designs with your own custom designs by renaming the custom ones and moving them into the correct folder. your designs are stored in my documents/my games/(something SD or GC related next). the core designs are stored in the program files folder. i'm at work so i can't look up the exact name, but i'm sure if you search the forums long enough, you'll find a more step-by-step explanation of how to do this.