Your specific example, no. Some do, though.
Research, manufacturing, and food bonuses only work for buildings that make a set number of output; it will work on something that produces 6 RP, but not something that boosts production. If one building can do both (torian farms, for example), the actual production will get the bonus but % boost will not.
Morale and influence buildings can use a bonus tile on buildings that give % inprovement, mostly because there are no buildings that give a straight +N to either of these things. So building a +30% influence building on a bonus tile will net you +60% to influence from that planet. Morale doesn't work out quite that neatly due to diminishing returns, but a building on a bonus tile will give you double the effect of one on a regular tile, even if the effect you see doesn't match up with the building's nominal boost amount.
NO structure that gives an empire-wide boost can be affected by a bonus tile. Don't bother building trade goods or achievement buildings on a bonus tile, it just wastes the tile.
