Hi!
First, a distant, highly populated, world is most certainly not a production world
Nope. It's my HW, that I turn into a production planet in almost all games.
in order to actually build that freighter there, you have to pay money. No factories there
Please see my previous line.
Good (fast) freighter cost several thousands BC
You obviously missed "You invest 150-250 BC in a freighter". The last time I checked my most expensive late-game speed ~9 freighter costed around 300 BC - DA game ver. 1.8. Buying it for several thousands BCs somehow beats its purpose, don't you think so?

Next in order to get good trade money you have to establish starbases.
Nope. At least I don't do it, because those econ starbases cost too much to build - again beating their purpose.
I use freighters mainly as a diplo tool. If they bring some money, even better. So I keep their costs low, build the first batch (6-8 of them) on my main production planet (in early game my HW most of the time) when I run out of colonizable planets, and hit one good planet of each close neighbour (that I want to keep happy) with one freighter. Other mayor races in range also get one freighter. I establish more than one route only with the race I'd like to have as a reliable partner until the game end. That race should reside away from the area where I intend to start conflicts, so my money-bringing freighters usually live quite long.
That's about all what I can say about the trade in GC-2. I actually miss the way trade worked in GC-1, where it really made an impact.
BR, Iztok