If there was such popup, you would soon get annoyed by it and want to turn it off so you could end your &*($*(@&$ turn already

It's ok, we all do that. Only heavy-micromanagers, perfectionists and paranoids take a look at their entire empire every turn, don't worry. Zip through until something interesting comes along or you notice something that might turn into a problem unless taken-care of.

About the second question, that's the main problem with expanding. You'll soon learn to balance your income after your inital colony rush. It takes some practice with taxes and social buildings. And remember - you don't have to keep your colonies 100% happy all the time, especially in the initial rush. About 55% is enough.

Heavy micromanager? Check
Perfectionist? Check
Paranoid? hmm... Check

... and even I spam the turn button occasionally, don't feel bad:)

Yep, as far as the initial rush... what I do is set industrial capacity to 100%, military to 0% social to 50% and research to 50%. I set my tax rate as high as I can without going into red morale.

From there I pump out a colony ship every single turn and send them to the furthest destinations I think I can reach first. If someone colonizes them before I get there, I can always snag a closer one. I rush build ONE factory in my first colony for 600 and change, which, with the 50% social production, provides a tremendous boost to initial production.

As soon as you're bankrupt, stop rush building colony ships. I will trade techs for cash at this point as long as I can to avoid having to stop my colony ship rush building, but once I can't anymore, I set my tax rate to almost 0%. The purpose: 100% morale, with which your population growth doubles. Sure you will be dirt poor for 10-20 turns while your population booms, but after you have a decent sized population, you can set your tax rate to near-red levels and not worry about going bankrupt due to lack of tax payers.

Usually, by the time I stop pumping colony ships, i set my industrial rates as follows: research-50%, social-30%, military 20%. It keeps everything at about how I like it. I've found this strategy to work very well every difficulty level I've used it on--which has been up to maso.

My strategy is usually to build mostly factory based colonies with one research, one or two farms, one morale place, and a handful of banks. I usually don't have the largest military at the start, but I usually end up buying up a small fraction of defenders from all the other civs to lower their military rating and bolster mine. Because I set my military at 20%, I keep a very slim army. I sell obsolete ships to my enemies enemies or anyone weak in particular, because I know they wont do any good:P If (and I always turn out to be the biggest war monger once my economy is solid) war is necessary, I drop social production to about 10%, slide military to 40%, and go into each colony and for everyone which would recieve a tremendous military production boost through focusing, I focus them. I can easily turn the tide of a losing war in almost no time. And once I've built up this huge army, I use it conquer the galaxy:)

The AI at higher levels WILL dogpile you if you use the strategy I do because your military rating will be so low. But thankfully, early on, their army is slow is dirt, so you have time to prepare/make alliances/buy ships:)

that sounds pretty stupid because you arent running 100% spending on average at all
i manage my economy so that i earn money at 100% (30/50/20) or (50/20/30), allowing me to trade money for diplomatic advantages (getting wars declared, peaces made and starbases). i do make a lot of economy starbases to make up for the lesser production, but in dire times i can go research or production frenzy by quickly cranking out factorys everywhere.

You should divide two columns

(1) Things I have to do before I end my turn

(2) Things I want to do before I end my turn

Let's face it. Unless you're in a touchy diplomatic situation (i.e., you suspect an AI player of plotting against you), there's no good reason to check the Diplomacy screen and Foreign Stats and Reports every turn. There are a lot of screens that are just general "good to know" things that you don't have to check every time. The kicker there is, "the more you know, the more you grow." By taking a little time to just sit down and examine the galactic situation, you're going to learn some things about how the AI works and interacts and how the game is responding to your style of play. Eventually what you learn will become streamlined in your head, and you won't have to think about it so much anymore. Mastering the game like this can give you more time to do what you want during a turn as opposed to worrying about what you have to do.

My examples:

(1) Things I need to do before I end a turn
(a) Check the Planets/Ships screen to see if I have any new ships. I name them and then decide where they will work best strategically and send them there.
(b) Check the Colonies screen and sort them by what they are building. !!!!!The usefulness of the Colonies screen cannot be overstated!!! You can instantly sort your colonies by any stat (Military, Social, Research, what they're building, what the shipyard is building, etc). By using this screen and sorting say.. what they're building, you can instantly see what colonies are building Nothing and give them a task. Let's say you want to build a Manufacturing, Research, or Financial Capital and want to know what colony is capable of producing the most. Just click the top of the proper column and you will instantly have every colony sorted with the one you want sitting nice and pretty at the top.
(c) Check Diplomacy screen every few turns to see how you're getting along with others.

Really, it's that simple in terms of "needs." Ships need to be sent places to serve their function. Colonies need to be set to build appropriate ships and buildings for support.

As far as things I "want" to do.. let's just say, it's a fun day when you can make every single AI go to war with each other on a 10 player gigantic map and still be Friendly and Warm with all of them.

Im an "End Turn Button" psycho. I just press turn every time i see it turning green. It's quite fun, but i do realize that if i want to win a game someday i have to change. I played on a large galaxy yesterday, pressing "turn" like a mad as always, it was quite fun to see the other civilizations growing and growing all over the place while i was stuck in my little corner of galaxy. I lost that game, they had starbases, fleet and so on everywhere, i had a few crappy worlds...
Must... control... hand...