Questions from a newby

It means that your military rank - based on the offensive and defensive capabilities of your ships - and the number of ships you have - is only 7th. Starbases may also be calibrated in there but I am not sure. Don't worry about it, I am always last until someone starts demanding payments from me and then I concentrate on my military until I am 3rd or so.

Turn button goes green when all the moves have been made for all civs and it is time to take another turn. Sometimes you will find yourself just hitting 'Turn' over and over while you wait for things to happen/finish.

Sorry, I don't use rally points. However, ships do move at the end of the turn, if you haven't already moved them manually.

1) It also includes minor races and nonplayer races that you have met. That's how you can be first in one tab but actually be seventh overall in the game.

2) It also can mean the game is over. But, mostly, it just means what the previous answer said.

The rankings that pop up often do not match those in the stats area. I find those more reliable. But since I don't build military ships at first, it's not unusal to be down the list.

I find the most telling statistic is not colonies, not even population (though that is important), not the economy, but production. If you are outproducing other civs in production, in the long run they are toast. The ai often colonizes dumpy planets that have little production potential.

On large galaxies with lots of habitable planet, I rarely take a planet below 10 unless it is on the edge of my area and I can use it to send colonizers deeper into uncharted territory.

1) don't worry too much about those ratings. military issues dominate the overall rating tho so keep that in mind. notice that littly colored strip on the left side of your readouts? just between the graph and your current research info. that is how powerful each civ is judged to be. that is what you want to keep an eye on. if you have the largest portion you don't need to worry too much about being attacked. it can happen, but you won't be surprised by an attack out of the blue. next time you buy some attack ships notice what happens in that bar. when attack ships first start being built notice what happens in the bar.

2) green button means all your ships not in orbit have moved or have standing move orders. game thinks you are ready to end the turn.

3)standing move orders are always executed at the end of turn(when you hit turn button). the turn is not actually over tho. if you have the setting that allows you to manually finish partial automatic moves you can, well, manually finish partial moves. you can also adjust other things, like research, or do diplomatic things before you finish the ship moves. if you don't have that set your ships automove then throw away spare movement points, end of turn.

Thank you all for very helpful responses.