Playing a game last night, I hit a weird bug. I tried to invade a planet, and through a quirk of luck, both the attackers and defenders lost when I skipped the battle animation. So there ended up being a planet still owned by the Arceans with no population. I don't know whether that's a bug or not.
I'm pretty sure what happened next is a bug, though. After a turn or two, the planet suddenly has 16,000 population. No explanation in the error log or anything, and there's no way the AI could've hauled that much population over there. Just *poof*!
Here's a save from immediately after the population appeared. Unfortunately, the next earlier save is before the invasion took place. The planet name is Mormegil III.
http://unseen-u.dyndns.org/~arcanum/GalCiv2/BuggyPlanet.sav